Empire State Building: Key Facts and History

Overview

The Empire State Building is one of New York City's most famous landmarks. Located on Fifth Avenue between 33rd and 34th Streets in Manhattan, the skyscraper rises 103 stories and stands 1,250 feet (381 m) tall, excluding its antenna.

Completed in just one year and 45 days, the project required more than seven million labor hours. Visitors can enjoy panoramic city views from observation decks on the 86th and 102nd floors, with visibility extending up to 80 miles on clear days.

The building has appeared in numerous films, including An Affair to Remember, Sleepless in Seattle, Elf, and The Amazing Spider-Man. Other notable traditions include the annual Run-Up stair race to the 86th floor and the Valentine’s Day Wedding Club. The tower also dims its lights during bird migration seasons to help protect wildlife.

Historical Timeline

1928–1929: The Waldorf Astoria Hotel site is purchased, and Empire State Inc. is formed under the leadership of former New York Governor Alfred E. Smith.

March 17, 1930: Construction begins with about 3,000 workers.

April 1931: The building becomes the tallest in the world upon completion.

May 1, 1931: President Herbert Hoover officially opens the building by remotely switching on its lights from Washington, D.C.

July 28, 1945: A B-25 bomber crashes into the 79th floor during heavy fog, killing 14 people.

1951–1961: Ownership changes several times as investors acquire the property.

1973: The completion of the World Trade Center ends the Empire State Building’s reign as the world's tallest building.

1981: It is designated a New York City landmark.

1986: It receives National Historic Landmark status.

September 11, 2001: After the collapse of the World Trade Center, it becomes New York’s tallest building again.

2012: The title passes to One World Trade Center. The building's estimated value is reported at approximately $2.5 billion.

2018: A new visitor entrance opens as part of a major renovation project.

2019: Renovations to the 80th floor are completed, adding exhibits, city-view experiences, and interactive attractions.

Today, the Empire State Building remains one of the most recognizable skyscrapers in the world and a symbol of New York City's architectural heritage.

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